Digital History Project
Analysis
The 27 Club's tragedies are rooted in common themes. Many of the musicians were disillusioned with their newly found fame and turned to drugs and alcohol to cope with their depression. Kurt Cobain and Amy Winehouse are prime examples of two musicians that learned to cope through the use of drugs and alcohol. Amy Winehouse struggled with fame from an early age, and even expressed her fears she would become a part of the 27 club. Her eating disorder combined with her drug habits eventually led to her early demise. Those who died from overdoses and suicide were often found dead far from home. For example, Kristen Pfaff died of a heroin overdose in 1994, and she was found all the way across the country from her hometown of Buffalo, New York. Another example of increased isolation leading to early death is Jimi Hendrix who died of a drug overdose in 1970. He was found dead in the United Kingdom, thousands of miles from his hometown of Seattle, Washington. Janis Joplin was another victim of isolation and overdose. She was born in Port Arthur, Texas, but she died of a drug overdose over 1,500 miles from home in Los Angeles, California in 1970. Therefore, it can be inferred that the increased isolation due to demanding careers led them to their untimely demise and their induction into the club.
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However, those dying of accidents, unknown causes, and health conditions were found relatively close to their hometowns. For example, Chris Bell died in a car accident in Memphis, Tennessee in 1978. Memphis was also his hometown. D. Boon who also died in a car accident in 1985 was only found one state away from his hometown of San Pedro, California. Ronald (Pigpen) McKernan died only a few hours away from his hometown of San Bruno, California of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage. These deaths, which include accidents, both medical and physical, cannot be attributed to the musician's lifestyles to the same degree that overdoses can. Therefore, isolation from home did not play a factor in their tragic deaths.
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There was one city that seemed to reappear across different musicians' lifetimes. Seattle, Washington was the birthplace of Jimi Hendrix. However, it was also the final resting place for Mia Zapata, Kurt Cobain, and Kristen Pfaff. Seattle, Washington was the birthplace of alternative and grunge music in the 1980s. In fact, Seattle was a new and exciting hub for popular culture at the time due to the success of companies such as Microsoft and Starbucks. The city was further popularized by the media and Kurt Cobain’s band, Nirvana. The music scene of the city could help explain the presence of the three artists that died here as all three of the artists were a part of the alternative rock genre. The combination of drugs and despondency helped lead to the early demise of these artists as well as the grunge genre as listeners became disillusioned by the deaths of musical heroes such as Cobain and Pfaff.
Let Jimi Take Over. (https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/15751032571/in/photolist-qjggi2-qBNKCo-qnELvB-qCVD4X-STR68E-cwW1SQ-L8uci-b3JKQz-23GPq6G-fX9PSE-5i8ZvA-7ZVCnj-HF9qp-eBrh6Y-6PsauF-amZsKH-EJZ6b-8PP6LE-pHjUFt-9Drbf3-9Hu9Gg-QMNiD1-cAGh1G-4qUG66-qQnhTH-qDVzhn-fFSUW-8PKJok-dQ1yEv-7vKfLN-2iW7c3w-2i9o5e2-2ihwGap-qnwYF7-4Gpsd-4trLXP-69nHoh-fXa9Wv-2jmr4sG-6Pwj9h-pZSae6-fX9Rgc-L8dy6-4B4baz-cyWmeA-qmDp48-eddtDU-2jmtZgc-yC152-9jmjL) Thomas Hawk. (https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/) CC BY-NC 2.0.
Pigpen 1969. (https://www.flickr.com/photos/zoooma/2433555299/in/photolist-DPjpe8-8zde8G-6iJZ1V-DiGN1K-4GHirB-2jAAR9c-2jteuJy-8uSgar-8uViEh-4E3Vrp-6yXQwT-4H3BcZ-5iTJpD-4E4tHS-Gc6h7P-4FQRgi-735tZt-4a7jNg-735u34-735u6e-od9rn-dqzG84-4H3fZp-98R9w4-8UZy3U-2mkqpi9-315DJh-21Aazky-krcQ1a-iNrodv-bnGrSc-dqzGhR-2kwD2Ly-4uHcBz-8y6L2y-acGicq-i1sLqG-LgfxP-5CR1bi-6YuN9K-NAN43h-DY2N1o-9fAKjs-CBn5h-pLLz7Q-aWbX9x-JNduTo-vDxydM-2U5pqQ-BQiJfV) Zoooma. (https://www.flickr.com/photos/zoooma/) CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
Janis-in-air-wave (https://www.flickr.com/photos/redfoxinict/24400268540/in/photolist-DbaKKb-aSR1Kt-aSQX2H-aoNPtV-ahtgFQ-8ChJ3G-azeGxc-azhVad-8ChJuh-azeFiF-23Wqq2-23Wp2i-azhiR7-aE2iaq-iMPY36-iMU9gf-iMQcx2-iMScnN-iMPSu2-eo7rBQ-6EeADf-2i84toC-2i884Ro-2i884JE-2i884Mf-2i84ttC-2i84tVu-2i88592-2i885cP-2i884vD-2i872be-2i872Kf-2i8854N-5C2WJp-KUDxbN-LbFo3u-Kpjnbx-LbFobf-KUDxi1-LGReH9-abcDUQ-ET9Gz1-h7QSWH-h7PJvN-h7PK5d-a7Sq31-h4tRM8-h4tShX-S9DKuq-a9HmL8) Susan Ackeridge (https://www.flickr.com/photos/redfoxinict/) CC BY 2.0
The Doors Jim Morrison (https://www.flickr.com/photos/83706716@N02/7679781512/in/photolist-cGCTu5-6f5r6n-B7Xt6j-P8jm8-df32bG-6f5rbZ-7RTaA5-6f9AtN-ehQdM4-agSC7M-Q98gvy-2nMrX1J-4HSqNg-4gxnXA-Yy3bTT-ahvxHE-74Jvhz-5XCExB-fdpDp-38Xqbv-6KdVfq-73JuL3-cqgDqj-9WCpBF-2TBLx5-4draKr-6bWgbx-dGQzBW-RELbEx-afKP4e-2QDpBU-dKfZuq-8aH6C1-97twZ3-7BuX1u-f2wRB2-Mo8FT-h3xCp-6tUrdT-Q1HQa-2hXYJxJ-7LgyoM-rUbBm-4US9V4-4vj7AD-2jMBdqq-97tw9C-bskCPd-n3Tua-2n9Zn9T) julio zeppelin (https://www.flickr.com/photos/83706716@N02/) CC BY-ND 2.0
Several of the 27 club’s deaths are deeply rooted in controversy and conspiracy. Robert Johnson, the alleged founder of the 27 club, has a true cause of death that is still unknown. Many believed the musician was murdered with a poisoned bottle of whiskey as in his final moments, he was suffering from intense gastrointestinal pain. Brian Jones had an equally mysterious death as he was found dead at the bottom of his swimming pool. Several pieces of scientific evidence could point to murder such as the freshwater found in his lungs to the stress of his tissues and heart. Both of these controversial deaths were located close to the hometowns of the artists. However, Jim Morrison is yet another member who is surrounded by controversy, and his death occurred thousands of miles from his home. He was found dead in his bathtub in Paris, but an autopsy was never conducted. The lack of an autopsy combined with only one witness lead many to believe there was more to his death than meets the eye. It appears as though the most controversial deaths did not have as much to do with geography due to these inconsistencies. Overall the controversy and conspiracy of many of the members of the 27 club, have further increased the phenomenon’s popularity in popular culture.
Based on geographical and historical evidence, it can be concluded that there are some geographical connections between the members of the 27 club. The members that died farther from home were more likely to have died from substance abuse. This could be due to the combination of stressors from their life in the spotlight as well as their increased isolation from their loved ones. Those who died of accidents tended to be close to home which demonstrates that their deaths were simply tragedies that couldn't be avoided. The members who have the most controversial deaths seem to follow no geographical pattern. Overall, the 27 club is still a phenomenon that is entrenched in mystery which helps perpetuate its existence and legacy.
Forever 27 club mural. (https://www.flickr.com/photos/feeney1982/8218670202/in/photolist-24XbeCX-dwAK4f-XuqYWu-dwfQjo-XQoUUs-29a9n5P-WRZ5kg-WPMpWh-WRZ5mi-XQoUTq-WRWuwD-nte4sv-Y6utc6-WPK7aE-2dVTdPm-XQpWcW-WPK7hy-n7NjzV-XTazMM-WPKTco-WS1hqr-XurT3d-XT9KfB-XQpSUd-WS1hsk-2koDXY-XTawzK-n7Qbad-n7NrCa-n7NkL2-n7NjRM-n7NsdP-n7NkeF-2i3tVM9-n7NiH4-n7NkzF-n7QdbN-n7Qd5f-n7NiBx-FjXd6-6Uy87A-n7NsRx-n7Qaf7-n7Qc1b-n7NjYa-n7NhFz-n7NktZ-n7Nirx-n7NqZB-n7Qbnh.) MK Feeney (https://www.flickr.com/photos/feeney1982/) CC BY 2.0
Explore the connections:
27 Club Interactive Map
This map shows each place of birth and death for each of the 15 artists being studied. By clicking on an object, you can see the name of the hometown of each artist or their place of death. Use the legend in the lefthand corner in order to see which emoji corresponds with each artist.